Popcorn Maize Farming in Kenya: Making Higher Returns From Popcorn Than Regular Maize

Popcorn as the name suggests is a type of maize that pops when heated. Its unique popping ability has made it a cherished snack enjoyed by people all around the world.

Traditionally, maize farming has been a staple in Kenya and in the quest for diversification and higher returns, we have farmers who are turning their attention to popcorn, a variant of maize specifically cultivated for its popping quality. The rise of popcorn farming in Kenya can be attributed to factors such as its growing demand both domestically and internationally, its low-calorie and high fiber content and its adaptability to Kenya’s conducive climate and fertile soils.

Popcorn Snack

In Kenya, several varieties of popcorn are cultivated, each with its own unique characteristics suited to different agro-ecological zones. Some of the popular varieties of popcorn cultivated in Kenya include butterfly, mushroom, and rice popcorn. These varieties vary in kernel size, shape, and popping characteristics, allowing farmers to choose the most suitable option based on factors such as soil type, climate, and market demand.

Popcorn farming in Kenya typically follows similar cultivation practices to traditional maize farming. Its planting entails ploughing the land followed by planting the seeds either manually or using mechanized equipment such as planters. Adequate spacing between rows and proper control are essential to optimize crop growth and yield. In regions with irregular rainfall partners, supplementary irrigation may be necessary to manage the issue of moisture stress.

Harvesting

Harvesting of popcorn usually occurs when the kernels have reached physiological maturity. Unlike field corn, which is harvested for grain, popcorn is harvested for its dried kernels. The ears of popcorn are typically handpicked from the stalks and allowed to air dry in the field or in well-ventilated storage facilities.

Benefits that come with popcorn farming.

Popcorn farming offers numerous benefits to the farmers like,

·      Higher Returns

Popcorn generally commands a higher price in the market compared to regular maize, providing farmers with increased income potential.

·      Employment opportunities

The expansion of popcorn farming has created opportunities along the value chain, from cultivation and harvesting to processing and distribution.

Market opportunities.

The demand for popcorn in Kenya is driven by both domestic consumption and export markets. Locally, popcorn is a popular snack enjoyed in households, cinemas, and entertainment venues. Supermarkets and malls are offering the greatest local markets in Kenya by supplying the popcorn seeds and snack as well. At the moment, one kilogram of popcorn seeds is going for about ksh400-ksh500 in local supermarkets in Kenya.

Internationally, Kenyan popcorn has gained recognition for its quality and flavour, opening export opportunities to markets in Europe, North America, and the Middle East.

Chili Farming in Kenya:Making Huge Amounts of Cash From Chili Farming.

 Did you know that chilli is a fruit and not a vegetable as you may think?

Someone might wonder why people choose to farm chilli, a fruit with such a fiery flavour. One of the reasons are due to its high demand. Chilli peppers are a staple ingredient in many dishes around the world, making them high in demand in both local and international markets. This consistent demand offers farmers a reliable source of income. Another reason is it profitability. Chilli farming is highly profitable, especially when grown in optimal conditions and marketed effectively. With proper cultivation practices, farmers can achieve high yields and command competitive prices for their produce. Another compelling reason why someone would choose to farm chilli is due to its adaptability to various climatic conditions. Its adaptability makes them suitable for cultivation in a wide range of agro-ecological zones, providing farmers with flexibility in crop selection.

Beyond fresh chilli peppers, farmers can also explore value-added products such as chilli powder, sauce and flakes among other products. This means more profitability and market opportunities. One last thing among many other that I will not mention in this article is its health benefits. Chilli peppers are rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants among other health benefits including boosting metabolism, improving digestion, and enhancing immunity.

Chilli Farming 

For farmers seeking to maximize their potential in the agricultural sector, chilli farming is a good choice.

Once you have decided to get into chilli farming, you probably will be wondering on the best varieties you can farm. There are four most common chilli varieties in Kenya that are considered to be the best. They include, Bird’s Eye, African Bird’s Eye, Cayenne chillies and Habanero. You can choose to specialise on one or all by considering factors such as the maturity period, growing conditions and the target market as well.

Ideal growing conditions for Chilli

Chilli thrives in various climatic regions, but it thrives best in warm, sunny climates that have well-drained soil. This means Eastern, Coastal Kenya and some parts of Rift Valley  can provide ideal climatic conditions for chilli farming.

Planting Chilli

Chilli plants need to be planted in a clean and fertile ground where ploughing has been done and organic matter has been incorporated into the soil. Chilli seeds or seedlings are planted in rows with adequate spacing of about 40-45 cm apart  to allow for proper growth and airflow. You can consider using a drip irrigation system to optimize water efficiency and minimize water wastage.

Pests and Diseases

Like any other crop, chillies are susceptible to pests and diseases like anthracnose, phytophthora leaf blight, fruit rot, aphids, mites, powdery mildew, fusarium wilt and cucumber beetle. You can manage pests and diseases on your chillies by use of the right pesticides and insecticides like Score 250 EC, Pearl 500 SC for anthracnose, Colonizer 440 WP and Greencop 500 WP for fusarium wilt. You can use Loyalty 700 WDG, Pentagon 50 EC to control aphids and Fortress Gold 720 WP for blight.

Maturity and Harvesting

Chillies typically mature within 60 to 90 days after planting, depending on the variety and growing conditions. When it comes to harvesting, ripe chillies should be carefully harvested to avoid damaging the plants and ensuring maximum yield. Already harvested chillies should also be handled with care to minimize bruising and extend their shelf life. Once they are harvested, they can now be sorted cleaned and packaged ready for marketing.

Market for Chilli

Kenya’s chilli industry opens up a wide range of market opportunities, both locally and internationally. You can explore fresh chilli markets, food processing industries and export markets to capitalize on the demand for quality chilli products. You can also establish partnerships with local cooperatives, retailers, and exporters to access wider markets and secure competitive prices for your produce.

Benefits Of Using Chicken Manure For Farming: A Hidden Treasure You Should Know About in 2024

Your 2 or 3 chicken are a potential wealth to your agricultural practices. Chicken manure often seen as a humble by product of poultry farming is a rich and hidden treasure that can boost agricultural practices greatly. Beyond its role as a fertilizer, chicken manure holds untapped potential for enhancing soil health, improving crop yields, and promoting sustainable farming methods. In this article we shall explore more about the benefits of using chicken manure.

Chicken manure, a treasure for farming

1.    Nutrient-Rich Fertilizer.

Chicken manure is a potent fertilizer rich in essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK). These are nutrients that are very crucial for plant growth and development, providing a natural boost to soil fertility. Additionally, chicken manure contains secondary nutrients and a trace of elements that are often lacking in synthetic fertilizers, promoting balanced nutrition for crops.

2.    Slow-Release Nutrient Source.

One of the most outstanding things about chicken manure is its ability to release nutrients gradually overtime. Unlike chemical fertilizers, which can leach into the soil or cause nutrient imbalances, chicken manure breaks down slowly over time providing a steady supply of nutrients to plants. This slow-release mechanism not only sustains crop growth but also reduces the risk of nutrient run off, protecting water quality and ecosystem health.

3.    Microbial Activation

Chicken manure is a hotspot of microbial activity, hosting diverse communities of bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms. These microbes play crucial roles in soil nutrient cycling, decomposition, and disease suppression. When applied to the soil, chicken manure inoculates the ecosystem with beneficial microbes, enhancing soil biodiversity and resilience to environmental stressors.

4.    Soil Structure Improvement

Beyond its nutrient content, chicken manure improves soil structure.  Its high organic matter content enhances soil aggregation, leading to better water infiltration, aeration, and root penetration. Soils amended with chicken manure exhibit improved water retention, reduced erosion, and increased resistance to compaction, creating optimal growing conditions for crops.

5.    Ph Balancing

Chicken manure contains alkaline compounds that can help balance soil pH, particularly in acidic soils by buffering the soil pH. Chicken manure creates a more hospitable environment for plants roots, improving nutrient uptake and overall crop health.

6.    Disease Suppression

Studies show that chicken manure contains antimicrobial properties, which can suppress soil-borne pathogens and pests. When incorporated into the soil, these compounds inhibit the growth of harmful fungi, bacteria, and nematodes, reducing the incidence of crop diseases.

6 Simple Steps To Overcoming Stunted Growth In Your Plants

Having plants with stunted growth can be very frustrating for any farmer or gardener. Seeing your plants not thriving as they should be is a bit disheartening. However, understanding the reasons behind stunted growth and implementing appropriate solutions can help your plants flourish once again.

Causes of Stunted Growth.

1.    Poor Soil quality

Poor soil is that which lacks essential nutrients that can hinder plant growth. The only way you can know about the quality of your soil is by carrying out a soil test to determine its pH level and nutrient content. If the soil is less of nutrient, you can improve on the soil fertility by adding organic matter such as compost or manure to encourage continuous growth.

2.    Improper Watering

Both under watering and over watering can stunt your plants growth. A plant should be watered with the right amount of water, that which is able to meet their specific needs. To avoid stunted growth, it is important to consider factors such as soil drainage, plant type, and environmental conditions when developing a watering schedule.

3.    Insufficient Light

Plants require adequate light for photosynthesis, a process by which they produce energy for growth. Insufficient light can result in weak, stunted growth. If potted, you can position your plants in an area that receives maximum artificial lighting, or you can consider supplemental lighting. If planting on a field, choose an open area that receives maximum sunlight.

4.    Pests and Diseases

Pests such as aphids, mites, and diseases like fungal infections can weaken plants and stunt their growth. It is important to regularly inspects your plants for any signs of pests and diseases and take the appropriate management strategies on time.

5.    Temperature Stress

Extreme temperatures, whether too hot or too cold, can negatively impact plant growth. Providing adequate insulation or shading during extreme weather conditions can help protect your plants. Mulching around the plants can help regulate the soil temperatures as well.

6.    Root bound

When plants outgrow their containers, their roots become crowded leading to stunted growth. Transplanting them into larger pots or dividing them can alleviate this issue.

Understanding the reason behind stunted growth in plants is the first step towards implementing effective solutions. By addressing the reasons, you will have helped your plants overcome stunted growth and thrive once again.

My Oranges Are Splitting Terribly: How Can I overcome Orange Splitting?

 Encountering splitted oranges on your tree is one of the most disappointing things you will come across as you take a walk in your farm. Your mind will get rolling wondering what reason that could be. Worry not! In this article, I will explore a number of possible causes why your oranges could be splitting and suggest ways on how you can stop that. Keep reading!

A photo of Splitted Oranges

Causes of orange splitting.

The main cause of fruit splitting is often attributed to fluctuations in environmental conditions, particularly.

• Inconsistent watering-Fluctuations in watering, particularly irregular deep watering followed by dry periods, can cause oranges to split. When the soil becomes overly dry and then suddenly receives a large amount of water, the fruit may expand too quickly, leading to splitting.

Management: Maintain a regular watering schedule to keep the soil consistently moist, especially during dry periods. Deep, infrequent watering is preferable to frequent shallow watering. Adding a layer of mulch around the base of the tree also helps retain soil moisture.

• Temperature fluctuations- Rapid changes in temperatures, especially during the ripening period, can stress the fruit and result in splitting. This is particularly common in regions where temperatures vary greatly between day and night.

Managing temperatures to reduce the risk of fruit splitting involves implementing practices that help moderate temperature extremes and minimize stress on the fruit. They include mulching whereby organic mulch is applied around the base of the plant to help regulate soil temperature and moisture. Maintaining consistent and adequate irrigation is also necessary to help regulate and provide moisture to the trees during hot weather.

• Varietal susceptibility – Certain orange varieties are more prone to splitting than others. Varieties with thinner or more delicate skins are generally more susceptible to splitting under adverse conditions. Navel oranges are more associated with splitting though other varieties may split as well.
• Nutritional deficiency- Nutritional deficiency, particularly minerals like boron and calcium can weaken cell walls and affect the fruit structure making the fruit prone to splitting as it expands.

Managing fruit splitting due to nutritional deficiencies involves addressing the underlying nutrient imbalances. This is only made possible by conducting soil tests to determine the nutrient levels and adjusting fertilization accordingly. You can also use foliar sprays that contain the deficient nutrients to provide a quick uptake for the plants, especially during critical growth stages.

• Pests and Diseases – Damage caused by pests or diseases, such as citrus borers or fungal infections, can weaken the fruit’s skin and make it more prone to splitting.

Management: Prune trees to improve air circulation and reduce humidity which can prevent fungal diseases. Apply the ideal insecticides or fungicides as recommended by your farm expert.

Urban Farming: Farming Fresh Produce Out of Our Urban Spaces

You do not have to own a land for you to be a farmer. The most important bit is to have the willingness, passion, and readiness to be one. For those leaving in urban areas, a balcony, a rooftop, public spaces such as parks, sidewalks etc are enough for you to actualize your dream of being a farmer. The practice of growing food and other crops in urban areas such as cities and towns is what we refer to as urban farming.

Urban farming involves a number of techniques that include,

1.    Rooftop gardens

This involves utilizing rooftop spaces on buildings to grow vegetables, herbs, flowers, and even small fruit trees. Rooftop gardens transform unused rooftops into productive green spaces that help in mitigating the urban heat by absorbing it and providing natural insulation for buildings. Setting up of rooftop gardens require careful planning and consideration to ensure the building can support the additional weight of soil, plants, and infrastructure. It is important that a structural engineer assesses the building before setting up your rooftop garden.

2.    Vertical farming

This practice involves growing crops in vertically stacked layers, often indoors using hydroponic or aeroponic systems. This is a technique that maximizes on the space efficiency and allows for year-round production.

3.    Hydroponics

It involves cultivating plants without soil, instead using nutrient-rich water solutions. Hydroponic systems are best and popular in urban areas due to their space saving nature and ability to be implemented indoors. They can be designed by vertically stacking growing trays or utilizing compact growing structures.

4.    Window farms

In window farming, plants may be grown in soil or hydroponic systems that are installed indoors near windows or other sources of natural light to grow herbs and vegetables. Window farms are very ideal for apartments and small living spaces that have limited outdoor access. Window farms typically consist of stacked or hanging containers that hold plants and growing medium. The containers are often made from recycled materials such as plastic bottles, jars, fabric pockets etc. They are normally arranged vertically to optimize on the space.

5.    Green walls

Vertical structures covered with vegetation, often using hydroponic or soil-based systems. Green walls generally improve air quality, provide insulation, and add aesthetic value to urban environments.

6.    Container gardening

Growing plants in pots, containers, or other vessels instead of planting them directly into the ground. The containers can be placed in balconies, rooftops, and windowsills etc.

What can I grow in my urban farm?

Depending on the available space, sunlight, and climate conditions, urban farmers can experiment with a wide variety of crops that include, leafy greens such as spinach, kale and lettuce, herbs such as basil, thyme, rosemary, chives, parsley etc, tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, strawberries, radishes, carrots, flowers etc.

Why urban farming?

• It gives access to fresh, nutritious food- Urban farming allows individuals to grow their own fresh fruits, vegetables and herbs, providing access to nutritious produce without relying solely on grocery stores. It contributes to healthier diets and reduce reliance on processed foods.
• Environmental sustainability- By growing food locally, urban farmers can reduce the carbon footprint associated with transportation and distribution. Additionally, many urban farming practices prioritize sustainability by using organic growing methods, conserving water and promoting biodiversity.
• Green space enhancement- Urban farming brings greenly into urban environments, improving air quality, mitigating the heat island effect. It beautifies neighbourhoods, enhances property values, and creates spaces for relaxation and recreation.
• Food security and resilience-By cultivating local food systems, urban farming contributes to food security by reducing reliance on fragile global supply chains. It empowers communities to take control of their production and build resilience in the face of challenges such as climate change, natural disasters, and economic uncertainty.

Urban farming offers a multitude of benefits for individuals, communities, and the environment. By engaging in urban farming practices, it contributes to healthier, more sustainable and more resilient communities while enjoying the rewards of growing their own food.

Garlic Farming in Kenya.

How can we mention garlic without mentioning its distinctive pungent flavour and aroma in a number of worldwide cuisines?

Garlic Onions

Garlic, scientifically known as Allium sativum and locally known as ‘Saumu’ in Kenya is a bulbous plant that belongs to the onion family. It has a spherical or slightly elongated bulb that encloses multiples cloves in a papery white skin. The colour of the garlic cloves may vary from off-white to pale yellow in colour depending on the variety and growing conditions as well.

Garlic farming in Kenya has emerged as a promising agricultural venture offering lucrative opportunities for farmers across the country. It demand both domestically and internationally has been on the rise and is set to reach Usd 539.35 million this year. Countries such as Europe, Middle East and Asia form the basis of Kenya’s garlic export market.

Kenya’s diverse climate provides favorable conditions for garlic cultivation. Regions such as Nakuru, Nyandarua, Baringo, Laikipia, Embu, Meru, Muranga, Bomet, Narok are ideal for garlic cultivation due to their moderate temperatures and well-distributed rainfall.

Brief process for planting garlic.

Selecting garlic bulbs-Choose healthy garlic bulbs for planting. They should be firm and free from damage or disease.

Preparing the planting site-The site should be well drained with full sunlight exposure. You should loosen the soil by digging to a depth of 15 to 20cm and remove any weeds or debris on that area. Mix up the soil on the site with compost or aged manure so as to improve on the soil fertility.

Planting the garlic cloves- Carefully select the individual cloves from the garlic bulbs and plant them with the pointed end facing upward and the flat end downward. The cloves should have a spacing of about 4 to 6 inches apart in rows that are spaced about 12 to 18 inches apart. Plant the cloves to a depth of 1 to2 inches, pressing them gently in the soil.

Mulching and watering- After planting, apply a layer of mulch to the soil and water thoroughly to provide enough moisture for germination and early growth.

Garlic has a relatively short growing cycle of about six to eight months. It is typically ready for harvest when the top begins to dry and yellow. The bulbs are dug up using garden forks or trowel. The short growing cycle of garlic ensures multiple harvests in a year and creates a steady income for garlic farmers. With proper land preparation and maintenance, garlic farming can offer attractive returns due to the high yields that translate into substantial profits.

If Kenyan farmers unlock the full potential of garlic cultivation, we will be able to contribute to the country's food security and economic development.