Spring onions, known for their zesty
flavor and nutritional benefits, are becoming increasingly popular among Kenyan
farmers. Kenya's agricultural sector is witnessing a surge in spring onion
farming. This crop fits well in various farming systems. It requires less space
compared to other vegetables, making it an excellent choice for smallholder
farmers. With the right techniques, farmers can tap into this lucrative market.
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| Spring Onion Farming |
The demand for spring onions also known
as scallions in local markets is on the rise. Restaurants, supermarkets, and
households are increasingly incorporating spring onions into their meals.
Export opportunities also exist, especially to regions that appreciate fresh
produce. This growing market creates ample chances for farmers to increase
their income.
Spring onions have a quick turnaround
time with an acre yielding up-to 8 tons in three and a half months. They can be
ready for harvest in about 45 to 60 days after planting. This rapid growth
cycle means farmers can grow multiple batches in a single year, maximizing
profit. Additionally, their high market value and low production costs make
them an attractive crop.
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Varieties of Spring Onions Grown in Kenya
- White lisbon.
- Spring green bunching.
- American flay.
- Italian giant.
Climatic Requirements
Kenya has
varied climatic zones, from humid coastal areas to arid regions. Spring onions
can be grown in most zones, provided the temperature is between 15°C and 30°C. Select
light and well-drained land with good sunlight exposure. Well distributed rainfall between 500-700mm and altitudes of 500-2000m
above sea level.
Soils
Soil should be loamy or sandy loam,
rich in organic matter. Before planting, till the soil and incorporate
well-rotted manure to boost fertility. Testing soil pH levels is also
beneficial; the ideal pH for spring onions ranges from 6.0 to 7.0.
Land Preparation
Choose a sunny area for planting spring
onions and prepare the soil well. Add fertilizers by mixing 15 kg of
well-decomposed manure and 20gm of phosphate fertilizer into each square meter
of soil.
Propagation
Spring onions can be propagated
directly by seeds or by first raising the seeds in a nursery then transplanted
later. This takes about 4 to 6
weeks in the nursery.
Planting Seeds in the Nursery
Make furrows in the nursery bed, about
2 to 3 cm deep and spaced 15 cm apart. Plant the spring onion seeds in these
furrows and lightly cover them with soil to keep moisture. Use a thin layer of mulch
to protect the seeds from being washed away during watering. In around 10 days,
the seeds will germinate. Remove the mulch and provide some shade for the
seedlings. After 4 to 6 weeks, when the leaves are about 15 cm long, the
seedlings are ready to move.
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| Spring Onions |
Transplanting
Transplanting is done after 4-6 weeks of sowing, when the seedlings have developed thick bases and attained a height of 10-15 cm. It should be done early in the morning or late in the evening when it is still cool. Proper watering needs to be done before and after transplanting to provide enough moisture for the plants.
Fertilizer
Four weeks after
transplanting, topdressing should be done using CAN. About
9 kg is enough for an
acre.
Irrigation
Spring onions need consistent moisture.
Ensure proper watering before and after transplanting. Drip irrigation is
an excellent method for maintaining soil moisture while minimizing water wastage.
Plan for watering every 3-5 days depending on rainfall.
Common Pests and Diseases
Pests
Common pests that attack spring onions
include leaf miners, onion fly and onion thrips.
Diseases
Diseases include downy mildew, purple
blotch, onion rust and fusarium wilt.
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Management
Integrated Pest Management combines
cultural, biological, and chemical methods to manage the pests. The pests and
diseases can be controlled by using recommended pesticides and insecticides. Rotate
crops annually to disrupt pest cycles, introduce natural predators like
ladybugs and use insect traps to monitor pest populations.
Organic farming practices are becoming
more popular. Using neem oil and garlic spray can effectively deter pests
without harmful chemicals. These methods are safer for both the environment and
consumers.
Harvesting
Spring onions take about 2 months to be ready
for harvesting. They can be harvested once the leaves are green and succulent.
Harvesting is done by simply uprooting the entire plant or lightly cutting the
succulent leaves. Use a fork to uproot the entire plant when harvesting. . One
acre of land can yield about 8 tons of
spring onions depending on the spacing used.
Note: Once they are fully grown you can
snip at the base as you need them. Keep the roots in the soil and they will
continue to regrow about four more times before you will need to
start the process again. You can also let one of the spring onions continue to
grow, flower and produce seeds.
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| A Spring Onion Harvest |
Profitability of Spring Onions in Kenya
The success of growing spring onions in
Kenya largely depends on the yields you can achieve. An acre can produce about
eight tons of spring onions per season. If sold at Ksh. 20 per kilo, you could
earn around Ksh. 160,000 each season. The profit increases when market prices
are high and you maintain good yields. Demand is steady since spring onions are
commonly used in salads and soups. They are also easy to grow, meaning your
starting costs will be low.
Price of Spring Onions
Spring onion prices vary by season and
location. During off-peak times, a kilo may sell for Ksh. 15, while high demand
can push prices up to Ksh. 30 per kilo. In city markets, a bundle weighing 142
kg can sell for Ksh. 2,200. Overall, the spring onion market in Kenya shifts based
on demand.
Conclusion
Successful spring onion farming relies
on selecting quality seeds, effective land preparation, and strategic pest
management. Engaging in proper marketing and financial planning is equally
important. As consumer preferences shift towards healthy eating, the demand for
fresh produce will only continue to grow. Farmers who adapt to these trends can
capitalize on the expanding market.
With the right knowledge and dedication, spring onion farming in Kenya can be highly rewarding. Embrace sustainable practices and stay informed about market changes to thrive in this dynamic sector.
- Price per Seedling: Kshs. 1
- Seedlings per acre: 5 kg per acre depending on spacing
- Spacing: 15-20cm between rows, 8-10cm between plants
- Market price: Ksh. 15-30 per kg controlled by market supply and demand
- Yield: About 8 tons per acre
- Common pests: leaf miners, onion fly and onion thrips
- Common Diseases: mildew, purple blotch, onion rust and fusarium wilt
- Lifespan: Can be re-grown about four times
Frequently Asked Questions
- How to plant spring onions in Kenya?
- How much spacing do spring onions need?
- What is the best fertilizer for onions in Kenya?
- How long do spring onions take to grow from seed?
- How many times can you regrow spring onions?
- How much can I earn from an acre of onions in Kenya?
- Which is the best spring onion variety in Kenya?
- Is spring onion farming profitable?
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