Dragon Fruit Farming In Kenya: A Comprehensive Step by Step Guide For Growing Dragon Fruit

Dragon fruit farming in Kenya is no longer a foreign concept as it sounded 2 years ago. Today, we have a few hundred small-scale dragon fruit farmers in Kenya and tens of relatively large-scale farmers. The fruit, also called pitahaya or pitaya, is also gaining popularity in Kenya, driving the demand higher, thus offering its local farmers a higher opportunity for making profits.

While information about dragon fruit farming is still scanty in Kenya, Richfarm is always visiting farmers to educate them on the best ways of producing the fruit. We have also been holding dragon fruit farming seminars at our Embu farm. We always want you to start off your project from an informed position. That is why we have also written this online guide on how to grow dragon fruits in Kenya.

Dragon fruit farming: Harvesting process

Best conditions for dragon fruit farming in Kenya

Being in the family of cactus, this fruit is adapted to grow even in arid or semi-arid conditions. It does not require a lot of water. It is also not selective on the type of soils meaning you can grow it on sandy, loamy or clay soils. However, for your plants to have good vegetative growth and a high yield, the soils must have high organic matter and be well drained. You should also ensure that you give them just a little water during the very dry seasons.

Can dragon fruits grow in the Kenyan highlands? Yes, while this crop has the ability to grow even in hot and dry areas, it doesn't mean it can't grow in cooler areas with a lot of rainfall. All you need to do is ensure that the soils are well-drained to avoid soaking the rooting area.

The support structures

Dragon fruit plants are vines; they cannot grow upright on their own. You must make them a support structure over which to climb. A post with a wide structure at the top will be sufficient to support 2 to 4 vines. The plants will climb up to the top and then spread forming something like an umbrella. This ensures that the plants receive enough sunlight, which is very important for their growth and production. If your support structures are arranged in rows, you should ensure that the rows take an East-West alignment. This helps the plants to receive sunshine throughout the day.

Dragon fruit plants in rows: the rows are in an East-West alignment

Dragon fruit spacing?

The recommended spacing for dragon fruit is 2m between the lines and 2m from pole to pole within the line. With this spacing, you will plant 2,000 dragon fruit plants in an acre if you establish 2 plants per pole. That is the number we actually recommend. However, we have seen other successful spacing in practice: the commercial farm in Naivasha has a spacing of 2m between the lines and 1m from pole to pole and 2 plants per pole. In other farms, they plant 4 plants per pole and have had successful yield. 

Dragon fruit farming in Kenya: planting space of 2m by 1m

How long do dragon fruits take to mature?

It will take 1 to one and a half years for a dragon fruit vine to produce the first fruit if you plant it from the cutting of a mature vine. A vine propagated from a seed will take more than 6 years to mature hence the best method to propagate dragon fruits is through cuttings. The lifespan of dragon fruit plants is over 40 years.

A dragon fruit bud takes 13 days to develop into a flower from a node. This flower opens up for pollination on the night of the 13^th day – just before the 14^th day. This is the only chance that the flower has to get pollinated. If pollination doesn’t happen then, the flower will not grow into a fruit and will simply fall off the plant. If it is successfully pollinated, it will develop into a fruit that will be ripe and ready for harvesting after 38 days since pollination. That means it only takes 52 days from the day a fruit bud emerges to have a yummy fruit ready to be eaten.

Dragon fruit pollination by bees: it happens very early in the morning

When the fruits are growing, they are usually green in colour. They start turning into red colour when they mature and the ripening process starts. The ripening process takes only 3 days. You must harvest dragon fruits only after they are completely ripe. This is because, unlike other fruits, Pitaya does not continue to ripen after being harvested.

Where is the market for dragon fruits in Kenya?

Dragon fruits are in very high demand in Kenya at the moment while the supply remains low. That is why it is one of the most expensive fruits on the Kenyan shelves. It will cost you in the range of Ksh800 to 1,500 to buy a kilo of Pitaya. 

Currently, the market for dragon fruits is open and ready for farmers to sell through the many supermarket chains in the country, the open market, fruit aggregators and, of course, the ever-present online market.  The supermarkets that stock these fruits in our country actually import it from other countries. This presents a great opportunity for farmers who would want to invest in dragon fruit farming in Kenya. At this point, we are not even talking about the export market for Kenyan dragon fruits since the supply is far from getting to exportable levels. 

To get a deeper understanding of the dragon fruit market in Kenya, please read the following articles we wrote for you:

- 3 Reasons Why You Should Invest In Dragon Fruit Farming In Kenya

- Why Dragon Fruit Is Set To Be The Next Big Thing In Kenya’s Farming Business

China is the largest consumer of dragon fruits and it imports a bulk of the produce from Vietnam. China is an open market to which Kenya is exporting avocado. With the necessary volumes, dragon fruit farmers in Kenya can take advantage of the Chinese and larger international market.

The shelf life of dragon fruit

You can keep dragon fruits for up to 18 days after harvesting without refrigeration. Under proper refrigeration, the fruit will remain fresh even for 3 months. This fruit is not perishable since it stops ripening immediately it is cut off from the mother plant. Also, the fruit does not oxidize after being cut. That means you do not have to consume the entire fruit once you have cut it. You can keep a slice under refrigeration and it will look and taste as fresh as when you first cut it.

Pest and diseases

Dragon fruit farming in Kenya is the only agribusiness venture I know that you can do purely organically and find it easy to do so. The plants and fruits are not easily attacked by pests and diseases. The greatest threat to dragon fruit farming is the fruit fly. Luckily, fruit flies can be controlled using biological methods. The plant is also very tolerant to diseases. Only mild cases of fungal infections have been reported, and even as such, they do not pose any danger to the plant or fruits. 

What you need for a profitable dragon fruit farming venture in Kenya

1. Space: A small space, even 1/8 of an acre is enough to start dragon fruit farming in Kenya at the moment. Being a very high value crop, a few dragon fruit plants are enough to make you realize economic gain. You do not need typically fertile soils as the nutritional needs of this plant are not so high. You can actually plant it even on the edges of the farm.
2. Support structures: Posts of about 5 feet (150cm) in height are good enough. These can either be wooded or concrete. Concrete ones are best for longevity. Soften the soil around the base of the post and hip it a little especially if you are planting on clay soils that are not so well drained. Mix the soil with a lot of manure to give it sufficient amounts of organic matter. You only need soils that are about 2 feet (60cm) deep since the plants are shallow rooters.
3. High-quality seedlings: Plant dragon fruit seedlings developed from mature cuttings only. Get mature, rooted dragon fruit cuttings from Richfarm Kenya by simply calling or texting 0724698357. When planting, burry only the rooting section of the cutting and water just enough to make the soil moist. Tie the cuttings to the post to help them grow upright before they produce aerial roots and be able to climb by themselves. By the way, do not miss our BIG PRICE OFFER on seedlings: Check this out here: Dragon Fruit Seedlings For Sale: The Best Prices In Kenya

Dragon fruit seedlings for sale at Richfarm Kenya

You have done all you need to. From now on, you will only need to train your plants along the post and wait to harvest the delicious, high value fruit in about 1 years time. 

If you ever have any questions regarding dragon fruit farming in Kenya, or anywhere in Africa, do not hesitate to call us on on (+254) 0724698357, 0723213602 or 0798919007. We are always ready to answer any question and we would also be glad to come to your farm and practically help you in setting up your dragon fruit farming business. 

Other important commercial farming ventures by Richfarm Kenya include:

1. Pixie Orange farming

2.Grapes farming in Kenya

3. Mango farming for export

3 Reasons Why You Should Invest In Dragon Fruit Farming In Kenya In 2024

Dragon fruit farming in Kenya was started by a few daring individuals a few years ago. Typical of the Kenyan style, many potential farmers of the fruit looked from a distance as the pioneers made millions of shillings from the sales of the exotic, high-nutrition fruit. "This is will go the quail farming way..", they would say. 

Fast forward to 2024 and the fruit has grown in popularity amongst Kenyan consumers, something that is taking the naysayers by surprise. Awareness of the health benefits of dragon fruits, their likable taste and the curiosity of consumers have driven the demand high and more people into dragon fruit farming. To the great advantage of "mwananchi wa kawaida" who could not access and afford the fruit, the prices have come down and the fruit can be bought from the open market in Naivasha, Richfarm Kenya outlets across the country and a few more supermarkets. 

Dragon fruit farming in Kenya

Dragon fruit farming in Kenya has since continued to be a highly rewarding venture for agripreneuers as more people get to know about, and access the fruits. This is one of the strongest reasons that you should consider investing in farming dragon fruits in 2024. However, I will give you three other strong reasons why you should invest in farming this new crop. Let me first give you details of what it is...

Dragon fruit, also called Pitaya, is a fruit that grows on a plant of the cactus family. There are many varieties of the fruit, distinguishable by the colour of the fruit skin and flesh. Some have a red skin while others have a yellow one. The flesh can be red, purple or white. The red and purple fleshed dragon fruits are sweet while the white fleshed ones are a little sour.

Dragon fruit farming in Naivasha, Kenya

So why would it be wise to invest in dragon fruit farming in Kenya this year? Listen well...

1) Dragon fruits are easy to grow

New plants are easily grown from cuttings. All you need to do is obtain cuttings from a mature vine, keep them under a shade to dry off their tips for about a week and then plant them. The cuttings are planted by burying the lower tip (just about 1 inch) into the soil. In about 2 weeks the cuttings start developing roots and new shoots appear in about a month’s time. Better still, you can buy already rooted and sprouting dragon fruit seedlings from Richfarm Kenya. They take 9 months to 1 year to start producing fruits.

Being in the cactus family, dragon fruit plants do not need a lot of water. They are best planted in sandy or loamy soils that are well drained. After planting them, they will need very little attention other than the occasional application of manure and pruning.  They are less susceptible to pests and diseases so you won’t have the burden of spraying them regularly.

2) High returns on investment

Pitaya is among the most expensive fruits in Kenya at the moment with a kilo selling for between Ksh800 and Ksh1200. The farmers that are already harvesting in Kenya produce fruits that have between 400g and 1.2kg. The cuttings used in planting cost only Ksh500 each. So essentially, selling just 1 fruit will help you recoup the investment you put in buying planting materials.

Dragon Fruits for sale in Kenya

The dragon fruit plants are vines that have a production period of up to 30 years. So you will need to support them with strong posts that can last as long. Each vine can grow up to 30 feet long and give you 30 to 100 fruits per year upon maturity. Now you can see what that means in terms of returns given the current prices.

The demand for these fruits is very high in Kenya especially among the Asian communities. In fact, anyone who has tasted this fruit likes it. The only limiting factor at the moment is the high price. So if you have a high production capacity, you can reach a very wide market by reducing your prices and still make a kill. Do not forget that the export market in China, the Middle East and Europe is also offering very high prices for dragon fruit. These markets would definitely prefer the high quality fruits grown in our hot tropical climate to the less tasty fruits from sub-tropical regions.

Read also:

Why Dragon Fruit Is Set To Be The Next Big Thing In Kenya's Farming Business

3) They require a only a small space

Dragon fruit vines are planted in groups supported by one post. On each post, you can plant 4 vines. The ideal spacing is 1m from one group to the next and 2m between the rows. With this kind of spacing you can fit 1,000 dragon fruit plants on a plot 50 by 100. This is enough to help you realize a good economic return.

However, for commercial purposes, in which case ease of management of larger-scale farms in a key consideration, we recommend a spacing of 2m between the rows and 2m from plant to plant as well. 

Since the vines do not have deep roots, some farmers even plant them on pots in their backyard gardens. This is an ideal way to grow dragon fruits for your own consumption even if you live in a rented house in which you only have a balcony.

Dragon fruit growing in a pot

So how do I start a dragon fruit farm in Kenya?

If you have a plot of land, anything from a 50 by 100 or bigger, you can easily start this kind of commercial farming. Dragon fruits grow well in areas with temperatures of 15℃ and above. They also like full-day sunshine, therefore ensure that you do not plant them under trees.

Have your land cleared and set up the support structures that will hold your plants. These structures are made with strong posts of about 5 feet and an old tyre mounted on each post. Other farmers construct a square wooden structure on the poles. These are the structures over which the vines will hang.

Dragon fruit farming: How to support the plants

Prepare the base area of each post to have fine soils. Mix the soil with manure: chicken manure is the best for growing Pitaya. Plant your seedlings here making sure not to cover too much of the stem to avoid rotting. Use strings to train the vines onto the post. If the weather becomes too hot and dry, water your plants for faster growth. Wait to start harvesting the precious fruit in about a year’s time. 

If you would like to get more information on dragon fruit farming in Kenya, call Richfarm Kenya on 0724698357 now. 

Make sure you have also read our Dragon Fruit Farming: Step by Step Guide